Política exterior de la Santa Sede en el pontificado de Francisco: la relación con Turquía
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-47272023000100216Palabras clave:
cristianofobia, diálogo interreligioso, ecumenismo, política exterior, Santa Sede, TurquíaResumen
El escrutinio de la política exterior de la Santa Sede no suele ser sencillo. En el ejercicio de esta se ponen en práctica, inter alia, dos preceptos: el ecumenismo y el diálogo interreligioso. En este artículo, se examina cómo ocurre esto durante el Pontificado de Francisco hacia la República de Turquía para atacar el problema de la cristianofobia en el país. Al final, se demuestra que, si bien hay congruencia entre las palabras y las acciones de política exterior, desafortunadamente la cordialidad que se aprecia entre los líderes políticos y religiosos aún no permea a la ciudadanía turca.
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Luxmoore, J. (2006). Senior Catholic Church Official Urges Turkey to Counter “Institutional Christianophobia”. Order of Saint Andrew the Apostle. Retrieved from https://www.archons.org/-/senior-catholic-church-official-urges-turkey-to-counter-institutional-christianophobi-1
Mayer, A. C. (2017). The ecumenical vision of Pope Francis: journeying together as fellow pilgrims – ‘the mystery of unity has already begun’. International Journal for the Study of the Christian Church, 17(3), 156-172. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/1474225X.2017.1403840
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Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World Gaudium et Spes. Promulgated by His Holiness Pope Paul VI (Vatican II). Retrieved from https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19651207_gaudium-et-spes_en.html
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Scerri, H. (2018). The Ecumenical Attitudes of Pope Francis. Roczniki Teologiczne, 65(7), 21-33. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.18290/rt.2018.65.7-2
Wall Street Journal. (7 January 2010). Islamic Christianophobia. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704130904574643821742562800
Yucel, S. & Tahir, M. (2021). Pope Francis’ Dialogue Initiatives with Muslims: Opportunities and Challenges. Australian Journal of Islamic Studies, 6(3), 56-68. Retrieved from https://researchoutput.csu.edu.au/ws/portalfiles/portal/183307554/Pope_Francis_Dialogue_Initiatives_with_Muslims.pdf
Alyabyeva, A. (5 July 2019). What was the reason for the tension in relations between the Vatican and Turkey?. University of Central Lancashire. Retrieved from https://lawblog.uclancyprus.ac.cy/what-was-the-reason-for-the-tension-in-relations-between-the-vatican-and-turkey/
Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii Gaudium of the Holy Father Francis to the Bishops, Clergy, Consecrated Persons and the Lay Faithful on the Proclamation of the Gospel in Today’s World. (2013). Retrieved from https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/apost_exhortations/documents/papa-francesco_esortazione-ap_20131124_evangelii-gaudium.html
Bürger, M. (22 July 2020). Turkey invites pope to visit former Catholic cathedral Hagia Sophia made mosque. LifeSite. Retrieved from https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/turkey-invites-pope-to-visit-former-catholic-cathedral-hagia-sophia-made-mosque/
Capelli, B. (13 September 2019). Pope gifts relics to Patriarch Bartholomew in sign of Church unity: Video News. Vatican News. Retrieved from https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2019-09/pope-francis-patriarch-bartholomew-bones-peter.html
Cultural Atlas. (2018). Turkish culture. Retrieved from https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/turkish-culture/turkish-culture-religion
Declaration on Religious Freedom Dignitatis Humanae on the Right of the Person and of Communities to Social and Civil Freedom in Matters Religious. Promulgated by His Holiness Pope Paul VI (Vatican II). Retrieved from https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decl_19651207_dignitatis-humanae_en.html
Declaration on the Relation of the Church to Non-Christian Religions Nostra Aetate. Proclaimed by His Holiness Pope Paul VI (Vatican II). Retrieved from https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decl_19651028_nostra-aetate_en.html
Decree on Ecumenism Unitatis Redintegratio. Solemnly promulgated by His Holiness Pope Paul VI (Vatican II). Retrieved from https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decree_19641121_unitatis-redintegratio_en.html
Dialogue and Proclamation: Reflection and Orientations On Interreligious Dialogue And The Proclamation Of The Gospel Of Jesus Christ. Retrieved from https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/interelg/documents/rc_pc_interelg_doc_19051991_dialogue-and-proclamatio_en.html
Directory for the Application of Principles and Norms on Ecumenism. Retrieved from http://www.christianunity.va/content/unitacristiani/en/documenti/testo-in-inglese.html
Dogmatic Constitution on the Church Lumen Gentium. Solemnly promulgated by His Holiness Pope Paul VI (Vatican II). Retrieved from https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html
Ecumenical Blessing and Signing of the Common Declaration. Apostolic Journey of His Holiness Pope Francis to Turkey (28-30 November 2014). Retrieved from https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/speeches/2014/november/documents/papa-francesco_20141130_turchia-firma-dichiarazione.html
Encyclical Letter Laudato Si’ of the Holy Father Francis On Care for Our Common Home. (2015). Retrieved from https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/encyclicals/documents/papa-francesco_20150524_enciclica-laudato-si.html
European Centre for Law and Justice. (2018). Christians in Turkey: The Violations of Christians’ Religious Freedom in Turkey. Retrieved from https://eclj.org/religious-freedom/coe/christians-in-turkey-the-violations-of-christians-religious-freedom-in-turkey
Filipescu, I. (2015). Pope Francis’ visit to Turkey (28-30 November 2014). Romanian Journal of History and International Studies, 2(2), 263-274. Retrieved from https://rjhis.ro/ojs/index.php/rjhis/article/view/19
Gledhill, R. (1 January 2017). Pope Francis Condemns 'Plague Of Terrorism' After Turkey Attack. Christian Today. Retrieved from https://www.christiantoday.com/article/pope.francis.condemns.plague.of.terrorism.after.turkey.attack/103497.htm
Gusten, S. (28 September 2019). Turkey's Elephant in the Room: Religious Freedom. New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/29/world/europe/turkeys-elephant-in-the-room-religious-freedom.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0
Kasimow, H. & Race, A. (2018). Pope Francis and Interreligious Dialogue – Religious Thinkers Engage with Recent Papal Initiatives. Switzerland: Palgrave MacMillan. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96095-1
Luxmoore, J. (2006). Senior Catholic Church Official Urges Turkey to Counter “Institutional Christianophobia”. Order of Saint Andrew the Apostle. Retrieved from https://www.archons.org/-/senior-catholic-church-official-urges-turkey-to-counter-institutional-christianophobi-1
Mayer, A. C. (2017). The ecumenical vision of Pope Francis: journeying together as fellow pilgrims – ‘the mystery of unity has already begun’. International Journal for the Study of the Christian Church, 17(3), 156-172. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/1474225X.2017.1403840
Öktem, N. (2002). Religion in Turkey. BYU Law Review, 2002(2), 371-404. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.law.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2117&context=lawreview
Open Doors. (2022). World Watch List 2022 – Situation of Religious Freedom for Christians: Turkey. Retrieved from https://www.opendoors.org/persecution/reports/Turkey-Media_Advocacy-Dossier-ODI-2021.pdf
Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World Gaudium et Spes. Promulgated by His Holiness Pope Paul VI (Vatican II). Retrieved from https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19651207_gaudium-et-spes_en.html
Pew Research Center. (2016). Trends in Global Restrictions on Religion. Retrieved from https://www.pewforum.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2015/02/Restrictions2015_fullReport.pdf
Pullella, P. (5 February 2018). Erdogan and pope discuss Jerusalem as scuffles break out near Vatican. Reuters. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pope-turkey-idUSKBN1FP0ZY
Scerri, H. (2018). The Ecumenical Attitudes of Pope Francis. Roczniki Teologiczne, 65(7), 21-33. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.18290/rt.2018.65.7-2
Wall Street Journal. (7 January 2010). Islamic Christianophobia. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704130904574643821742562800
Yucel, S. & Tahir, M. (2021). Pope Francis’ Dialogue Initiatives with Muslims: Opportunities and Challenges. Australian Journal of Islamic Studies, 6(3), 56-68. Retrieved from https://researchoutput.csu.edu.au/ws/portalfiles/portal/183307554/Pope_Francis_Dialogue_Initiatives_with_Muslims.pdf
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Publicado
2023-12-28
Cómo citar
Martínez Ramírez, A. O. (2023). Política exterior de la Santa Sede en el pontificado de Francisco: la relación con Turquía. Cultura Y Religión, 17, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-47272023000100216
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Derechos de autor 2023 Axel Oswaldo Martínez Ramírez
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