DIVERSIDADE CULTURAL COMO SECULARIZAÇÃO? EXAME DA CORRELAÇÃO ENTRE OS ÍNDICES DE RELIGIOSIDADE E DIVERSIDADE NA EUROPA DO SÉCULO XXI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-47272019000200075Keywords:
secularização, diversidade cultural, índice, religiosidade, EuropaAbstract
A rápida globalização da segunda metade do século XX e o advento de novas tendências demográficas e migratórias despertaram o interesse das ciências sociais para a crescente complexificação das dinâmicas culturais regionais. Os cientistas sociais começaram a associar a diversidade cultural à modernidade, vaticinando-a como uma condição incontornável e perene das sociedades hodiernas que tem efeitos nos e é afetada pelos fenómenos religiosos. Contudo, pouco exames empíricos sistemáticos e aprofundados foram feitos para aferir a validade dessa proposição. Com este trabalho, propomos a criação de um índice de diversidade, baseado em quatro dimensões – linguística, étnica, religiosa e local de nascimento –, que seja correlacionável com uma medida de religiosidade individual. Concluímos que, para o conjunto de países europeus selecionados e para o período temporal analisado (1999-2014), a teoria que assevera que a diversidade cultural apenas provoca a deslocação e recomposição do religioso e não o seu declínio não tem validade empírica.
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